![]() But it is the farmers who make most use of it. More than 9 million people in the basin rely on the Rio Grande's waters. Today, Elephant Butte and its downstream sister, the Caballo, all but empty the river to supply El Paso and nearby farmers. The wild, untamed flow - which obliterated villages and once rode right through downtown Albuquerque - was ended for good and its waters were corralled for irrigation. It was built in 1915 and changed the river for ever. The hub of human exploitation of the Rio Grande is the Elephant Butte reservoir near El Paso in Texas (about 300km upstream of Presidio). It drains one tenth of the continental US and more than two-fifths of Mexico. Its main stem stretches 3,000km (1,900 miles) from the snowfields of the Colorado Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, via New Mexico and Texas. On the map, the Rio Grande is the fifth longest river in North America and among the 20 longest in the world. Harvesting tourists, that's the game now, says Bishop. An old silver mine a few miles up the road has been turned into a ghost town, and a fort at Cibolo Creek is now an upmarket resort attracting the likes of Mick Jagger. The only profitable business now is desert tourism. But that has all ended and the unemployment rate among the town's permanent residents is almost 40%. Bishop's farm alone once employed 1,000 people. It used to ship in thousands of Mexican workers to harvest its crops. The town was once a major farming centre. ![]() The land is gradually returning to desert. Bishop lets some fields to tenants, but most of them lie idle these days. Yields got so low that the farm went bust. Even when he gets water, "it's too salty to grow anything much except alfalfa."īut that is all a bit academic now. But in recent years he has taken only a quarter of that. Bishop's land brings with it legal rights to 10m cubic metres of water a year from the river - enough to flood his fields to a depth of more than a metre, enough to grow almost any crop he wants. For 300km upstream of Presidio, there is no proper channel any more, he says. There has not been a flood worthy of the name since 1978. "The river's been disappearing since the 50s," says Bishop, who has farmed here virtually all that time. All the water has been taken out by cities and farmers upstream. In its middle stretches, the river often dries up entirely in the summer. The once mighty Rio Grande is now reduced to a sluggish brown trickle. Climbing the levee by the river at the end of his last field, Bishop shows me the problem. But soon it will be back to sagebrush and salt cedar. It has been home to scalp-hunters and a penal colony it has seen Comanche raids, Spanish missionaries, marauding Mexican revolutionaries and a population boom during a recent aliens amnesty. This land, next to the Rio Grande in Texas, has probably been continuously farmed for longer than anywhere in America, he says. Times are tough, says Terry Bishop, looking up from his second mugful. Colombia 40.They serve a strong brew at the Alamo coffee-house in Presidio, a small farming town near the US-Mexican border. Elisha's Spring and the Riddle of Angkor 28. ![]() Pearce argues that the solution to the growing worldwide water shortage is more efficiency and a new water ethic based on managing the water cycle for maximum social benefit rather than narrow self-interest.Ībbreviations Introduction: The Power of a River I. With vivid on-the-ground reporting, Pearce deftly weaves together the scientific, economic, and historic dimensions of the water crisis, showing us its complex origins-from waste to wrong-headed engineering projects to high-yield crop varieties that have saved developing countries from starvation but are now emptying their water reserves. ![]() In this visionary book, Fred Pearce takes readers around the world on a tour of the world's rivers to provide our most complete portrait yet of the growing global water crisis and its ramifications for us all. A new edition of the veteran science writer's groundbreaking work on the world's water crisis, featuring all-new reporting from the most recent global flashpoints Throughout history, rivers have been our foremost source of fresh water for both agriculture and individual consumption, but looming water scarcity threatens to cut global food production and cause conflict and unrest.
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